Our History

Early days

The charity’s roots go back to 1991, when the Great North Air Ambulance Service Appeal was launched with the aim of providing the North East of England’s first helicopter air ambulance. It took four years to raise enough money to bring this dream to fruition. This was allowed to happen thanks largely to the support of the Barbour Family Trust, which donated £720,000 over eight years. The first aircraft was bought, and in line with the original plans, the helicopter was then immediately donated to the Northumbria Ambulance Service NHS Trust.

The first helicopter had running costs of £360,000 every year. Unfortunately, donations from the public were not enough to cover this sum, so the decision was taken for the NHS Trust to absorb the costs, with public donations being reserved for the eventual replacement of the aircraft. But it became increasingly apparent that the arrangement was not a sustainable one, and that alternative plans would have to be made if the service were to survive. Spiralling maintenance costs and the relatively low level of public donations were major causes for concern, as was new European law which would render the helicopter obsolete by 2006 at the latest. The money was not there to replace the existing aircraft; it was barely in place to keep it flying.

In 1999 came the first murmurings of a plan that would eventually lead to the saviour of the Great North Air Ambulance Service. Discussions were held to examine the possibility of the charity totally funding the air ambulance operations. For this to work, it would have to raise its fundraising to levels never previously envisaged. To make matters more difficult, the charity had no structure, no staff, and was not well known outside of Northumberland. The challenge was enormous, but the seeds of ambition had been planted.

A new dawn

A controversial but ultimately visionary decision by the then chief executive of the North East Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Simon Featherstone, really set the wheels of the new-look charity in motion. He realised that if the charity was to be successful, it would not be under the control and strict guidance of the Ambulance Service. From this moment, the NHS began its gradual withdrawal from the running of the helicopter’s operations.

The charity in its infancy was not immediately in a position to withstand the burden of supporting the air ambulance operations. Public donations had never exceeded £50,000 a year. Interest in the fundraising lottery had dwindled to just 900 members. It had just one active volunteer. It had no office, no infrastructure, and 10,000 undistributed collection tins.

On June 1, 2001, the charity appointed its first ever full time employee. Grahame Pickering, who had previously worked on the helicopter as a paramedic, set out to keep the aircraft flying. Working from home with just a second hand computer and telephone, he set the aim of raising the £60,000 a month to keep the charity in business. Grahame had resigned from secure and pensionable employment to take up the challenge, but he had seen first-hand how vital the service was, and he would not be deterred.

Although the determination and commitment of the early organisation was not lacking, it was financial support which was really needed. To achieve that end, an effective infrastructure was needed to attract and manage the money required. But establishing infrastructure costs money. The charity was trapped in a vicious circle and in August 2001, an assessment revealed that it would not survive more than two years as it was. The trustees considered the possibility of withdrawing the service and liquidating the charity.

Thankfully, talks with the North East Ambulance Service Trust proved fruitful, and it was decided that the Trust would continue to support the service for another three years, until the charity had expanded its activity and increased its income to the sustainable level of £1,000,000 a year. In May 2002, the charity was registered with the Charity’s Commission.

A time of growth

Within three years of securing the continued support of the North East Ambulance Service Trust, the charity was revolutionised. It had increased its income from £100,000 a year to the target of £1,000,000 a year by 2004. It had provided a second aircraft for the North East based at Durham Tees Valley Airport. It had introduced doctors onto its crew, transforming the level of care it offered. It had succeeded to such a level that when the Government had taken the step of issuing emergency funding to all UK air ambulances in 2002, the Great North Air Ambulance Service was found that it no longer qualified for the grant. It had reached independence.

But what had happened to drag the charity from its struggles of 2001 to its relative stability of 2004? A steady stream of improvement had been set in motion which would transform every aspect of the charity’s function – an infrastructure was established to focus the fundraising effort, increasing income; a partnership was forged with James Cook University Hospital in Middlesbrough, to introduce doctors to the crew; paramedics were put through rigorous in house training additional to the high standards they had already received; the lottery was also brought in house; the charity’s headquarters were opened in Darlington; its Trading Company began active trading, providing an ever increasing revenue stream through clothing collections and office recycling. This swift development would not have been possible had the members of the public not taken this cause to their hearts. Their ever-increasing support, as well as the advances in the level of service and its behind-the-scenes operation, meant that the foundations had been laid for the growth of the next decade.

Riding the storm

By the end of 2004, GNAAS had introduced a third helicopter to its fleet, based in Cumbria, and upgraded the Durham Tees Valley Airport-based aircraft to improve performance and reliability. But the rapid growth of the charity was brought to a shuddering halt when, within the space of several weeks, serious floods hit Cumbria, and a devastating tsunami struck South-East Asia. The resulting response from members of the public was overwhelming. Millions of pounds were pledged to rebuild the worst hit communities. But while the response was unquestionably commendable, it came at a serious cost to GNAAS. The management soon realised that donations to its service had all but dried up and there was little option other than to ground the Cumbria and Northumberland-based aircraft in order to keep the charity solvent. It was a heart-breaking decision, but the charity would not have survived had swift action not been taken.

However testing at the time, the setback proved to reinvigorate public support behind the charity. After months of hard work by the charity and its volunteers, the Cumbrian service was restored in August 2005. The region had taken the air ambulance to its heart, and thanks to the increased levels of donations, their service was expanded to seven days a week in May 2006. In September the same year, the aircraft was upgraded. In January 2007, the charity’s position had recovered sufficiently enough for it to restore the Northumberland service.

Onwards and upwards

Since the funding crisis of 2004/05, the charity has not looked back. The service has continued to expand and in 2010 the decision was taken to buy three helicopters in order to ease the financial strain of leasing the aircraft. In March 2010, a deposit was placed on the Guardian of the North helicopter, which arrived in the North-East after undergoing a refit. It was followed in 2011 by the new Pride of Cumbria aircraft, which was stationed at Langwathby, near Penrith. Later the same year, a third helicopter was secured and went to work across the two bases.

Now the work begins on securing the future of these three aircraft and their crew. Although great strides have been taken to safeguard to service, past experience has taught the charity never to take the support of the public for granted. In the 2017/18 financial year, it cost £5.17m to operate the service. Raising this is a huge task, but the Great North Air Ambulance Service has never been known to balk at a challenge, and it is unlikely to start now.

Breaking New Ground

In 2015, we teamed up with North East Ambulance Service (NEAS) to provide a paramedic and doctor team on Friday and Saturday nights, known as the Medical Emergency Response Incident Team (MERIT).  

Our specially-equipped cars allow us to provide a 24 hour service in the region and carry everything that you would find on our aircraft, which means the care the patient receives on scene is the same as would be the case if the helicopter had responded.  

Hundreds of patients were treated in the first 12 months of the MERIT service, and it has since been expanded from two nights to four nights with a firm eye on making it seven nights a week in the near future. 

In 2015 we also became one of the first air ambulances in the UK to carry blood on our aircraft. 

The pioneering Blood on Board scheme was a collaboration between ourselves, the Newcastle Hospitals NHS Trust, and Cumbria and Northumbria Blood Bikes. 

Devised by Dr Rachel Hawes OBE, army reservist, consultant in anaesthesia and prehospital emergency medicine at the Royal Victoria Infirmary (RVI) and doctor at GNAAS, the service has allowed our teams to carry out roadside blood transfusions on patients at the scene of a life or limb threatening injury across the entire region. 

The following year, fresh frozen plasma was introduced as well to further improve patients’ chances. 

Delivering blood and plasma transfusions on the roadside has taken our care to another level and has resulted in lives being saved as a direct consequence.  

This project enabled other treatments such as open chest surgery, or thoracotomy as it is known. In 2017, our critical care team performed a successful thoracotomy when a man was stabbed and left for dead in Horden, County Durham.  

The footage of this surgery is the first time a pre-hospital thoracotomy has been recorded in the world and becomes a vital training aid for our teams as well as other pre-hospital teams. 

Since 2017, we’ve logged four successful thoracotomies. 

The follwing year we became one of the first emergency services in the UK to utilise the GoodSAM app in its deployment decisions. The app allows our team to see the scene through a bystander’s camera phone, simply by sending them a text message. This means the team can make more informed decisions before deploying the aircraft to an incident. 

Approaching 20

In 2020, our critical care team based at Teesside International Airport relocated to new North East headquarters, Progress House, near Eaglescliffe, Stockton. 

The previous year, our administrative and fundraising staff moved from offices in Darlington and Newton Aycliffe to the new site. The same day as the relocation, the charity’s new helicopter, the Guardian of the North II, began work at the base. 

The new aircraft, an AS365 N3+ is the very latest variant of the extremely successful Dauphin family. 

This means we can carry an extra paramedic or doctor onboard compared to the N2 and can now carry approximately two hours of fuel compared to 70 minutes of fuel, which is what we usually carried on the N2. 

We can now potentially get to three incidents before refuelling saving both time and lives. 

To top off a great year for the charity, at the end of September 2020, we trialled a jet suit to help treat patients in the Lake District, Cumbria.  

A collaboration between us and Gravity Industries, the Jet Suit Paramedic concept is an unparalleled test of human flight in the heart of the Lakes, pushing the boundaries of emergency response. 

The ground-breaking jet suit could see paramedics from GNAAS able to get to a casualty in rural locations across the Lake District in as little as 90 seconds rather than the 30 minutes or longer on foot. 

Shortly after the Jet Suit Paramedic trials, the COVID pandemic hit, with devastating effects on the charity. 

At its peak, the outbreak and subsequent restrictions saw the charity lose an estimated £100,000 per month in expected income.  

But, despite the ever-changing situation, our critical care team continued to remain operational across the region throughout the pandemic, and we’re very proud to say that we did not lose one minute of operational time. 

During it all, a night-time service, similar to the one in the North East, was launched in Cumbria to cover 24 hours a day on both Friday and Saturday.  

We also deployed a new aircraft in Cumbria, the Pride of Cumbria II, which started work at our base in Langwathby, Penrith and attended ten incidents during its first weekend in operation. 

The new Pride of Cumbria II aircraft, an N3 model, similar to the charity’s North East based aircraft, is enabling our critical care team to reach even more patients thanks to its upgraded power and versatility. 

It is expected to serve Cumbria for around 15 years and is part of the charity’s wider plans to expand the service in the region in the near future.  

We also welcomed a new chief executive officer in 2021. David Stockton brought decades of experience in the commercial sector to the charity and set about continuing the pioneering work of previous Chief Executive Grahame Pickering MBE.  

As with everything we do, all of this has only been possible with the support of the public.  As we look on to a bright future, we would like to take this time to say thank you for everything you do.  

Recent Years

In 2022 we were given the highest possible rating of ‘Outstanding’ by the Care Quality Commission (CQC). 

We received very positive feedback from the CQC’s head of hospital inspection who said they were extremely impressed by the level of care and support received when using our service and there was a genuine culture of wanting to provide the best care for patients and a desire to improve services. 

Since March 2022 we have been working alongside Manx Care based in the Isle of Man to trial a service to transfer seriously injured or unwell patients by helicopter from the Isle of Man directly to the UK for emergency medical treatment. 

Previously, patients were transferred by fixed wing air ambulance but there was no access to a pre-hospital Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) which are able to provide the full spectrum of advanced critical care procedures, delivered by a doctor and critical care paramedic team. 

Our critical care teams have responded multiple times to the Island and carried out advanced interventions including putting patients in medically induced comas, administering blood transfusions, and carrying out surgical procedures. 

In January 2023 we began providing a 24/7 service in the North East after expanding our night-time service to cover seven nights a week. We initially launched our night-time service in Cumbria in May 2021 covering Friday and Saturday nights, from 8pm to 8am and have been slowly expanding the number of nights that our team cover in the county, so that no matter when or where serious injury or illness occurs, our team are ready to respond. 

In May 2023 we began trialling carrying whole blood on board our aircraft and rapid response vehicles, which was being used to treat severely injured patients who are at risk of bleeding to death. 

Whole blood contains red blood cells, plasma and platelets all in one bag. Previously our team had administered blood transfusions using red blood cells and plasma, so the trial looked at the clinical and cost-effectiveness of pre-hospital whole blood administration in comparison to the blood products we currently use. 

The two-year trial was undertaken by ten air ambulance services across the country, including ours, and we’re really looking forward to building on our previous research into blood transfusions. 

In January 2025 we celebrated ten years of carrying blood on board our vehicles and giving blood transfusions to 750 patients.  

In the same year we also welcomed Joe Garcia MBE as our new chief executive officer. 

Mr Garcia is a recognised leader in UK emergency healthcare, with a career spanning over 35 years across the NHS Ambulance Service, in addition to the military, and the charitable healthcare sector.  

We’ve also focused our attention on strengthening our relationships with local businesses and in 2025 introduced Corporate Partner packages which offer varying benefits, including the opportunity for businesses to have their logo featured on the charity’s aircraft or rapid response vehicles depending on how much they raise for our charity. 

In 2024/2025, businesses from across the region collectively raised nearly half a million pounds for GNAAS, so we invited them to special celebration events at our bases in the North East and Cumbria to thank them for their support.